Outcome versus Impact Evaluation
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course
Professor’s Name
Date
Outcome versus Impact Evaluation
Smoking Reduction and Cessation Program
The selected intervention is a teen smoking reduction and cessation program in Washington State. The program will focus on teenagers between 13 and 18 years. Smokers are considered the teens who have smoked at least one cigarette in the last week (Martínez et al., 2019). The program has two objectives, including reducing the rate of smoking by 5 percent and help the current teen smokers to quit. The program will run for one year. An outcome-impact summative evaluation will be carried out six months after the start and after one year. Another evaluation will be carried out six months after the end of the program to measure the effectiveness. The purpose of the summative evaluation is to examine whether the program should continue and whether it should continue receiving funds (Villanti et al., 2020). During the program, the participants will learn the consequences of smoking, such as lung cancer. It will be adequate to utilize fear appeal to encourage the teens to reduce the rate of smoking or quit smoking.
Outcome and Impact of the Program
The outcome of the program is the short-term and immediate changes that occur among the participants of the program. The immediate changes include a reduction of the smoking rates (Masjedi et al., 2017). For example, when teenagers learn the adverse health outcomes of smoking, there is a possibility of reducing the rate of smoking. After the first six months, the outcomes will be measured to determine if the teens have reduced the smoking rates. Rates of smoking will be taken before the start of the intervention. The outcome evaluation will compare the rates before the intervention and after the intervention (Masjedi et al., 2017). The comparison will generate results in percentages to show the number of those who have reduced the smoking rate.
The impact of the program is the broader impact of the intervention. The impact is the cessation of smoking behavior. It will be essential to assess the impact thrice, after every six months from the start of the intervention. A smoking cessation intervention should change the perspectives of the participants (Raiff et al., 2018). It should encourage them to make concrete decisions about their life. For example, in the initial stages, teenagers will learn the consequences of smoking and change their behavior. A long-term decision to change the behavior to quit smoking will be relevant for the program.
Justification of the Program
The program’s impact should be changing the behavior of the teenagers that will lead to smoking cessation. Smoking cessation is a long-term impact that will show the intervention is effective (Hirai et al., 2018). For example, smoking cessation can take months since the smokers go through various changes to change their behavior. The behavior change comprises different stages, including pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, and action (Hirai et al., 2018). Smoking can occur in different timelines depending on the desire to change and the realization of the effects of smoking.
The program’s outcome and impact evaluation will determine if the intervention is effective (Hirai et al., 2018). If the intervention reduces the smoking rates by 5 percent, it will have achieved the set goal. The indication is that the intervention is effective and should continue receiving support from various stakeholders. If the outcomes and impact demonstrate that the program is successful, it will be essential to continue recruiting new participants. The continuation will trigger better outcomes and lasting impact in Washington State.
References
Hirai, A. H., Sappenfield, W. M., Ghandour, R. M., Donahue, S., Lee, V., & Lu, M. C. (2018). The Collaborative Improvement and Innovation Network (CoIIN) to reduce infant mortality: an outcome evaluation from the US South, 2011 to 2014. American Journal of Public Health, 108(6), 815-821.
Martínez, C., Castellano, Y., Andrés, A., Fu, M., Feliu, A., Antón, L., … & Fernandez, E. (2019). Impact of an online training program in smoking cessation interventions in hospitals. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 51(4), 449-458.
Masjedi, M. R., Hosseini, M., Aryanpur, M., Mortaz, E., Tabarsi, P., Soori, H., … & Baikpour, M. (2017). The effects of smoking on treatment outcome in patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 21(3), 351-356.
Raiff, B. R., Fortugno, N., Scherlis, D. R., & Rapoza, D. (2018). A mobile game to support smoking cessation: prototype assessment. JMIR Serious Games, 6(2), e11.
Villanti, A. C., West, J. C., Klemperer, E. M., Graham, A. L., Mays, D., Mermelstein, R. J., & Higgins, S. T. (2020). Smoking-Cessation interventions for US young adults: updated systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
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Impact vs. Outcome Evaluation
Name of Student Institutional Affiliation Course
Date Professor’s Name
Impact vs. Outcome Evaluation
Program for Smoking Cessation and Reduction
In Washington State, the chosen intervention is a teen smoking reduction and cessation program. Teenagers aged 13 to 18 will be the focus of the program. Teens who have smoked at least one cigarette in the previous week are considered smokers (Martinez et al., 2019). The initiative has two goals: to reduce the rate of smoking by 5% and to assist current teen smokers in quitting. The initiative will be in place for a year. Six months after the start of the project and one year later, an outcome-impact summative evaluation will be conducted. A six-month follow-up review will be conducted to determine the program’s success. The summative evaluation’s goal is to determine if the program should be continued and whether funding should be continued (Villanti et al., 2020). Participants will learn about the dangers of smoking, such as lung cancer, during the seminar. It will suffice to use fear appeal to persuade teenagers to cut down or stop smoking.
The Program’s Outcome and Impact
The program’s outcome is the short-term and immediate changes that occur among the program’s participants. A drop in smoking rates is one of the initial changes (Masjedi et al., 2017). When kids learn about the negative health effects of smoking, for example, there’s a chance they’ll quit. The results will be measured after the first six months to see if the teens’ smoking rates have decreased. Before the intervention begins, smoking rates will be measured. The rates before and after the intervention will be compared in the outcome evaluation (Masjedi et al., 2017). The comparison will produce percentages to reflect the number of people who have cut down on their smoking.
The program’s impact is the intervention’s overall impact. The result is a decrease in smoking behavior. It will be necessary to examine the impact three times, every six months, after the intervention begins. Participants’ perceptions should alter as a result of a smoking cessation programme (Raiff et al., 2018). It should motivate people to make important decisions in their lives. Teenagers, for example, will learn the repercussions of smoking and stop their behavior in the early stages. The program will be important if a long-term decision is made to improve one’s behavior and stop smoking.
Justification for the Initiative
The impact of the program should be to change the behavior of youth, resulting in smoking cessation. Smoking cessation is a long-term outcome that demonstrates the effectiveness of the intervention (Hirai et al., 2018). Smoking cessation, for example, might take months since smokers must go through a series of changes in order to modify their habits. Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, and action are all steps of the behavior change process (Hirai et al., 2018). Smoking can take place across a variety of timeframes, depending on the desire to quit and the realization of the harmful effects of smoking.
The outcome and impact evaluation of the program will indicate whether or not the intervention is effective (Hirai et al., 2018). The intervention will have met its purpose if it reduces smoking rates by 5%. The intervention appears to be beneficial, and it should continue to get support from diverse stakeholders. If the program’s outcomes and effect show that it is a success, it will be critical to continue recruiting new participants. In Washington State, the continuation will result in better outcomes and a longer-term influence.
References
A. H. Hirai, W. M. Sappenfield, R. M. Ghandour, S. Donahue, V. Lee, and M. C. Lu (2018). From 2011 to 2014, the Collaborative Improvement and Innovation Network (CoIIN) worked to reduce infant mortality in the US South. 815-821 in the American Journal of Public Health.
C. Martinez, Y. Castellano, A. Andrés, M. Fu, A. Feliu, L. Antón, and E. Fernandez (2019). The impact of an online training program in hospital smoking cessation programs. 449-458 in Journal of Nursing Scholarship.
M. R. Masjedi, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. Hosseini, M. R. H (2017). The consequences of smoking on treatment outcomes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who have just been diagnosed. 351-356 in the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.
B. R. Raiff, N. Fortugno, D. R. Scherlis, and D. Rapoza (2018). Prototype evaluation of a mobile game to aid smoking cessation. Serious Games, 6(2), e11. JMIR Serious Games, 6(2), e11.
A. C. Villanti, J. C. West, E. M. Klemperer, A. L. Graham, D. Mays, R. J. Mermelstein, and S. T. Higgins (2020). Updated comprehensive review of smoking cessation therapies for young adults in the United States. The American Journal of Preventive Medicine is a peer-reviewed medical journal published in the United States.
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