Endocrine Lab
The endocrine system is a chemical communication system in the body that is composed of glands and target cells. The ductless glands release chemical messengers called hormones, while the target cells respond to such hormones. The endocrine system works hand-in-hand with the nervous system to achieve and maintain homeostasis (state of balance) through the regulation of internal body functions. The endocrine system is mainly composed of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pancreas, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pineal gland, and the gonads. Each gland secretes one or more hormones into the bloodstream for the purposes of growth, metabolism, development and even regulation of emotions.
Objectives:
Identify the major endocrine glands and their functions.
Describe how hormones help to maintain homeostasis in the body
Pituitary Gland
Hormone Function________________________________________________
ACTH
ADH
FSH
LH
GH
Oxytocin
PRL
TSH
Questions:
Describe the function of the endocrine system
What is a gland?
Describe how negative feedback regulates the secretion of most hormones?
Why is the pituitary gland called the “master endocrine”?
Thyroid Gland
Questions:
What is the overall function of the thyroid gland?
What is the function of thyroxin?
What is the function of triiodothyronine?
What is the function of calcitonin?
What is hyperthyroidism? What are its effects on the body?
Parathyroid Gland
Questions:
What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
Based on your answer to Question 1, can you live without your parathyroid glands? Why or why not?
Thymus Gland
Questions:
What does the hormone tymosin do?
Based on your answer to Question 1, explain why the thymus gland shrinks as we reach adulthood
Adrenal Gland
Questions:
The adrenal glands are in part controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Name the hormones involved in this regulation and the functions of each.
1. Sympathetic Branch
a. In the alarm phase
i. Epinephrine
ii. norepinephrine
iii. Dopamine
iv. Angiotensin
v. Aldosterone
b. In the resistance phase
i. Corticotropin releasing Hormone CRH
ii. ACTH
iii. Cortisol
iv. Glucocorticoids
2. Parasympathetic Branch
During the return to a resting state the hormones decrease due to the negative feedback
Where in the adrenal gland are mineralocorticoids made?
What are the functions of mineralocorticoids? Give an example of a mineralocorticoid hormone
Where in the adrenal glands are glucocorticoids made?
What are the functions of glucocorticoids? Give an example of a glucocorticoid
Pancreas
Questions:
Explain the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland.
What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
What endocrine hormones does the pancreas produce? What is the function of each?
Diabetes is a serious health problem in the United States. Explain what diabetes is and the differences between the Type 1 and Type 2 forms of the disease
Gonads
Questions:
What are the endocrine functions of the testes?
What does testosterone do?
What are the endocrine functions of the ovaries?
What do estrogen and progesterone do?
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