NAME: DATE:
MATERIALS: Cognition 7E, Ch. 3
SECTIONS: 3.2.4: The Early Parts of a Fixation, 3.2.5: Visual Attention, 3.2.6: Trans-saccadic Memory, 3.3: Pattern Recognition, 3.4: Top-Down Processing, 3.5.1: Recognition by Components, 3.5.2: Context & Embodied Perception
PAGES: 55 – 62 & 66 – 68
+ Article in Weekly Module
Define bottom-up and top-down processing.
Using the words “context” and “data”, answer the following questions and explain your answer:
Which is more conceptual?
Which is more stimulus-driven?
For the example below, use bottom-up and top-down processing to explain how the same center symbol can be interpreted as both the letter “B” and the number “13.” Make sure to address the two points below in your explanation:
Why would the center symbol be ambiguous if presented on its own?
What is the role of context/priming on our interpretation?
Below is the Paris 2024 Olympic logo. The left image is the original. The right has been modified by me.
What is the cue (i.e., part of the image) that helps disambiguate between these two interpretations of the images?
What is the role of top-down processing here? What is the role of bottom-up processing here?
Explain the McGurk Effect in your own words after watching this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lN8vWm3m0
What is the bottom-up interpretation of the speech sound? What information do we rely on for this interpretation?
What is the top-down interpretation of the speech sound? What information do we rely on for this interpretation?
Read this article, also in the Weekly Module folder: https://nautil.us/issue/19/illusions/how-your-brain-decides-without-you
Explain what Lisa Feldman Barrett means when describing the brain as an “inference generating organ”?
What are the two main arguments of what drives the figure reversal process?
Here are some additional videos to help you understand bottom-up and top-down processing:
Provide your own example that illustrates top-down and bottom-up processing and how it can change the interpretation of a stimulus to show your understanding of this important cognitive concept.
In the image below, what do you notice about the pattern of saccades and fixations?
What information does this tell us about how people process visual sensory information in a scene – in other words, what kinds of things seem most important from the scene?
Biederman’s theory of object recognition by components (RBC) was an early view of how we categorize objects; today, there are only two main tenets of his theory that hold up with current research about how we actually perceive and classify objects. Based on your reading, what are these two central principles?
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