Answer both questions.
Be sure to reply to two of your classmates’ posts, providing constructive feedback on the scenarios identified by your classmates.
• Option 1) Build on something your classmate said
• Option 2) Explain why and how you see things differently
• Option 3) Ask a probing or clarifying question
• Option 4) Share your understanding of your classmate’s posting
• Option 5) Offer and support an opinion with peer-reviewed sources or industry leading practices
• Option 6) Expand on your classmate’s posting by providing constructive feedback
Q1) Please apply an option above to the discussion post below Anil
In brief, we can understand that storage is where we can dump data for future retain. We have different storage available nowadays; either we can do it locally in the machine or attach the additional device to store data.
Mainly for the modern desktop- PC we have HDD and SSD. HDD has a bigger storage capacity, whereas SSD has a small storage space. However, the performance of SSD is much better than HDD. Nowadays, we have Hybrid Hard drives, which are known as Solid-state hard drives (SSHDs). These types of drives contain both circuit board SSD and components of magnetic hard drives. I will recommend these SSHDs types in personal computers as these are of dual function with higher speed and bigger storage space. If not, then SSD will be the best type for the performance as we can connect other external devices for storage.
In computer system we have mainly three types of storage:
Primary storage: This storage type is volatile, which means that data capture in this storage is gone when the system is down. Example: RAM
Secondary Storage: This is non-volatile storage where data are stored in drives and preserved for future use. Example: ROM, HDD.
Tertiary Storage: These are externally attached devices that are used to upload large amounts of data. These can be easily attached and detached from the computers. Example: External HDD, flash drives.
Additionally,
In the growing technology, we can even virtually mount the device in the computer system to upload data that is very popular these days, cloud storage.
RAID:
Redundant Array of Inexpensive or Independent Disks (RAID). When two or more disks are combined to act as a single volume, we can think about RAID. For different reasons, we require combining multiple disks, like in the scenario where we do not have enough space or want to make data redundancy.
RAID is of two types:
Software RAID: RAID driver built into the computer/servers operating system RAID and Hardware RAID. Requires no additional device to connect as a storage device. This type increases the load in the system and might cause slowness.
Hardware RAID: We connect drives to the controller, and the RAID controller physically manages the RAID array. As this manages in the controller board, no additional load requires for the server process.
Based on the fault-tolerance and highly available, popular RAID types are listed below:
RAID 0 -Striping- Data is split evenly between two or more disks. No redundancy, data cannot be recovered if one or more drive fails.
RAID 1 – mirroring disk array- Identical data contains in two or more drives. There is no data loss in single drive failure and easy to recover.
RAID 5 – Striped disks with distributed parity- A minimum of three disks are required. It is a larger size with fast speed and redundancy.
RAID 10 – 1+0; Striped set of Mirrored Subset – It has parity, required a minimum of four drives into two striped mirrors.
Q2) Please apply an option above to the discussion post below Jacob
Three popular types of storage are: optical, magnetic, and flash.
Optical Storage:
Characteristics
Defined by IBM as “any storage in which data is written and read with a laser”
Includes: CD, DVD, and Blu-ray (and more)
Typically store data on easily removable media
Pros
Long lasting. Optical data can be stored on CDs and DVDs for many years without data loss/degradation if they are safely stored
Portable media. Optical media can be easily removed from optical storage devices and transported
Inexpensive compared to other types of storage
Cons
Low capacity. The highest level of storage optical media can contain is only around 27GB
Cybersecurity. Being portable can be a pro and a con since a malicious individual would have a much easier time stealing removable optical media compared to other types of storage
Unreliable with frequent use. There is no protective coating on optical media and, especially if transported frequently, the media can become scratched and unreadable or more error-prone
Magnetic storage:
Characteristics
Defined as “any storage in which data is stored using magnetized medium”
Includes: primarily hard disk drives, or “HDDs” (other examples are obsolete)
Magnetic media is affixed inside a case with native connectors.
Pros
Readily available. HDDs are one of the most common types of storage, making them relatively easy to purchase and utilize
Inexpensive compared to flash storage
Very high capacity; HDDs can be up to multiple terabytes in size
Cons
Moving parts mean these drives will steadily degrade in performance until they eventually fail
Variable latency due to the physical, moving nature of the read/write head
Slower read/write speeds compared to flash storage
Flash storage:
Characteristics
Defined as “any storage in which data is stored using electronically programmable memory”
Includes: SSDs, USB drives, NVMe drives (and more)
Data is stored electronically in “memory cells”, just like with RAM except flash storage is also non-volatile
Pros
Size. Generally physically smaller compared to other storage types
Performance. Extremely fast read/write speeds
Reliability. No moving parts means dramatically reduced likelihood of mechanical failure
Cons
Expensive compared to other types of storage
Flash storage has a limited amount of possible total reads and writes before it fails (this total number is very high, but this is still a consideration)
Lack of durability makes these drives easier to physically damage than magnetic storage
For professional computing activities I would recommend flash storage. To me, a combination of the very high speeds and near zero likelihood of mechanical failure makes flash storage very appealing. Few things are more frustrating than low disk performance consuming extra seconds/minutes during a time-sensitive task! I think benefits from the speed and reliability of flash storage outweigh the negative factor of higher cost.
RAID is the most common technique for improving disk performance and/or redundancy. RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks and it involves, as the name implies, clustering a number of physical “independent” disk drives for various benefits. A few examples of this are:
Raid 0 – Involves at least two disks and increases performance (not redundancy) by splitting up data written to the disks evenly
Raid 1 – Involves at least two disks and increases redundancy (not performance) by having an exact copy of one disk on the other(s)
Raid 5 – Involves at least three disks and increases performance and redundancy by striping data across all disks and utilizing parity
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