READ THE 2 PASSAGES BELOW AND ANSWER QUESTIONS
What were the most compelling topics learned in this course?
How did participating in discussions help your understanding of the subject matter? Is anything still unclear that could be clarified?
What approaches could have yielded additional valuable information?
all sources should be cited using APA format.
The U.S. Constitution clearly limits the authority of the federal government. The Stafford Act assigns primacy for disaster management to state and local governments, providing the federal government a supportive role. Is this appropriate for 21st-century risks? Does a terrorist attack require a different relationship and assignment of responsibility?
The Constitution serves a purpose; it is more than a framework for the country. It lays out basic principles that are still pertinent today but may have been enough when written in 1787. In the twenty-first century, the document needs to be updated. Attacks against the United States surpass those listed in the Constitution, and clearly, the local and state authorities need to manage infrastructures. For example, the Colonial Pipeline, the cyber attack was successful because an outdated VPN was accessed (“Back to Basics: A Deeper Look at the Colonial Pipeline Hack,” 2022). Because the company did not maintain up-to-date cybersecurity, the federal government stepped in to try and alleviate the situation. So yes, I do believe that a terrorist attack would require a different assignment of responsibility; federal laws would help to ensure homeland security at local levels,
The incident command system (ICS) was born from the needs of the wild-land firefighting community. Do you think that it is applicable and useable as it exists for terrorist attacks and hurricanes as well?
The incident command system is applicable and very useful for terrorist attacks and hurricanes, especially when multiple agencies are involved. The system follows a chain of command mentality similar to the military (“Introduction to the Incident Command System | Conservation Center for Art & Historic Artifacts”, 2022). When the incident command system is used, everyone benefits, and services are implemented in a timely manner.
The National Incident Management System (NIMS) established ICS as the incident management model that all jurisdictions in the United States should use. Though the federal government lacks the authority to mandate its use, Congress has repeatedly required that the adoption of NIMS and the use of ICS is a prerequisite for eligibility for all federal homeland security monies. Is this a fair practice?
It is a fair practice, for mutual aid to work effectively everyone must be on the same page. Though the federal government does not officially require the adoption of NIMS, they essentially do. By requiring the use of the system to receive money they are mandating the use of NIMS.
The city of New York is the sole jurisdiction in the United States to design its own incident management system (city incident management system or CIMS). The federal government recognizes CIMS as an allowable incident management system under NIMS. Should other jurisdictions be allowed to create their own system or modify ICS to meet their needs? What are the benefits, and what might be the negative aspects of a patchwork of various versions of ICS being used across the nation?
New York City having its incident management system is beneficial to some extent. However, what is to stop Chicago from having its own system? Chicago has a smaller population, but it is heavily populated and is an urban setting that is similar to New York City. Granted, their system meets all of the requirements of NIMS, but what is to stop other localities from adopting their individual systems as well. NIMS is flexible and all-inclusive. In addition, over half of all fire units in the city were dispatched to the World Trade Center on 9/11 (“FDNY Report”, 2022). That would mean the city utilized additional resources (mutual aid). Were the capabilities of those providing aid known? Did they know what their roles were? NYC having CIMS leaves a lot of questions for me.
Back to Basics: A Deeper Look at the Colonial Pipeline Hack. GovTech. (2022). Retrieved 9 June 2022, from https://www.govtech.com/sponsored/back-to-basics-a-deeper-look-at-the-colonial-pipeline-hack.
FDNY Report. Nyc.gov. (2022). Retrieved 9 June 2022, from http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/pdf/mck_report/fire_operations_response.pdf.
Homeland security is a federal agency that is responsible for the security of the United States. Homeland security protects and prepares against man-made and natural incidents along with known and unknown terrorist threats. Homeland security works with other agencies and levels of government in order to carry out the role of protecting the U.S. I also believe that national security should be included in homeland security. This is because national security looks at the nation as a whole and views its security the same way.
The stakeholders in homeland security are federal, state, local, tribal and private. “Homeland security is a concerted effort by stakeholders in federal, state, local, and tribal governments as well as the private sector.” (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2005) The more peripheral role would come from the private sector. At the top of the chart there is federal, then state, local, tribal, then private. This doesn’t mean that they are any less important.
Homeland security should involve everyone. If everyone participates, everyone will know what to do in a time of distress. Having good communication is the only way for everyone to be able to follow an evacuation plan, for example. I believe that the Secretary of Homeland Security is the individual responsible for Homeland security. This is a national effort in which different agencies work together in order to meet the goal of national security.
Homeland security should include natural disasters in its definition as it plays a role in planning and preparation before such incidents, also clean up and repairing after these same incidents. Under the Homeland security belt, there is the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). FEMA is a federal agency that is focused on preparing for, protecting against, responding to, recovering from, and mitigating all hazards. Which includes natural.
Emergency management looks at things with more of a scientific explanation, whereas Homeland security looks at things more from the perspective of mindsets and ideologies. Emergency management plans and prepares for environmental issues such as hurricanes. Homeland security plans for more of a terrorist-type threat. Their dealings are more involved with human beings.
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (August 2005). Homeland Security Institute: Homeland Security Strategy Planning: Mission Area Analysis. https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=456075#:~:text=Homeland%20security%20is%20a%20concerted,well%20as%20the%20private%20sector.
Homeland Security. https://www.dhs.gov/operational-and-support-components
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What were the most compelling top appeared first on assignmetshive.